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Assigned editor:. Ahmad A. Br J Ophthalmol. Peripheral Iridotomy for Angle-Closure Glaucoma. Elsevier; Laser Surgery in Glaucoma: Henriques, A. Duarte, T. ISBN: Argon laser iridectomies. Am J Ophthalmol. Archives of Ophthalmology. Long-term follow-up of laser iridotomy. Foveal photocoagulation from laser iridotomy. Is prophylactic laser peripheral iridotomy for primary angle closure suspects a risk factor for cataract progression?

Effect of prophylactic laser iridotomy on corneal endothelial cell density over 3 years in primary angle closure suspects. The fellow eye in acute closed-angle glaucoma. Acute primary angle closure in an Asian population: long-term outcome of the fellow eye after prophylactic laser peripheral iridotomy. Follow-up of angle-closure glaucoma suspects. Longitudinal changes of angle configuration in primary angle-closure suspects: the Zhongshan Angle-Closure Prevention Trial. Prophylactic laser iridotomy in primary angle-closure suspects.

Kugler Publications; Peripheral iridotomy for pigmentary glaucoma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. Role of laser peripheral iridotomy in pigmentary glaucoma and pigment dispersion syndrome: A review of the literature [Internet].

Plateau iris in Asian subjects with primary angle closure glaucoma. Arch Ophthalmol. Use of the neodymium:YAG laser to create iridotomies in monkeys and humans. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc. Eight-ball hyphema after laser iridotomy in a patient with undiagnosed hypocellular myelodysplastic syndrome. Int Med Case Rep J. Anterior chamber bleeding after laser peripheral iridotomy. JAMA Ophthalmol. The effects of iridotomy size and position on symptoms following laser peripheral iridotomy [Internet].

American Journal of Ophthalmology. Dysphotopsia after temporal versus superior laser peripheral iridotomy: a prospective randomized paired eye trial. Outcomes following acute primary angle closure in an Asian population. Clin Experiment Ophthalmol. Cataract progression after prophylactic laser peripheral iridotomy: potential implications for the prevention of glaucoma blindness.

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Saints Row: The Third. Scribblenauts Unlimited. Shoot Many Robots. Sleeping Dogs. Spiral Knights. Spiral Sallet. Super Monday Night Combat. Thus because of supposed synergies two companies combined would create more earnings per share than the two of the separately. The combined company would have higher earnings per share, thus having an increased earnings per share growth.

It all worked until the conglomerates could not keep buying up cheaper companies and pulling in their earnings into their own at high multiples. When that happened the conglomerate boom collapsed. Often these concept stocks had something to do with marketing to youth.

Only they understood other youths. Each of its divisions had something to do with the college-age youth market from posters to records sweatshirts.

After the last couple of bubbles, investors decided they needed safe growth stocks. About 50 stocks were considered safe premier growth stocks. As more and more investors purchased these supposedly safe growth stocks they pushed their prices to higher and higher levels till many of them were trading at as much as 80 times earnings, compared to a typical stocks 15 times earnings.

Ultimately this bubble ended and the Nifty Fifty stocks cam crashing back to earth. This time around the craze centered around Biotechnology and Microelectronics stocks. Most Biotech companies were not profitable, and the potential for profits was very far in the future. But, still investors flocked to them, bid their prices up to very high levels. The results were predictable. A lot of stocks with names and business plans in the Biotech or Microelectronics areas were sold, went up, and then ultimately crashed to earth.

Comparing the South Sea Bubble to More Modern Bubbles A bubble is an economic term describing a cycle of rapid expansion of asset prices followed by a rapid contraction. Often the increase in price is a result of trend-following investors who believe the price will continue to rise in the future.

In the theoretical literature of bubbles a bubble occurs when the expected rate of change in the price of an asset is an important factor in determining the current market price of the asset. During bubbles speculators often purchase the assets using borrowed money or debt. In a bubble investors hope to sell the asset later on at a higher price to future investors.

This is known as the greater fool theory because each investor or fool has bought an overvalued financial asset in the hope that a future investor or greater fool will buy it from him.

The bursting of bubbles occurs when there are no more fools willing to invest in the overpriced asset and a mass selloff of the asset causes the price to plummet.

Bubbles can occur in a variety of assets and have occurred many times throughout history. Some of the asset bubbles covered here include tulips, stocks, and housing prices.

The more bizarre a tulip, the greater its price. Merchants began trying to predict which variegated tulip style would be the most popular for the coming year and buy those in bulk to hold, anticipating an increase in price.

This was not much different than merchants stockpiling any other item such as cloth, anticipating that if that color or weave of cloth was in fashion the next year it would command higher prices. As bizarre variegated tulip prices began to rise wildly, people started to view tulips as a sound investment instead of just a decoration. As the price of tulips continued to climb more and more people bought and traded tulips in the hopes of selling them at a higher prices.

People who believed that Tulip prices could not go any higher watched as their relatives and friends made enormous profits. The temptation to join in the tulip speculation and trading was was huge and it took a very disciplined person to resist the siren call to get rich quickly in tulips. Near the end of the tulip mania in to early people were exchanging land jewels and furniture to obtain the bulbs.

Thus, this irrational stage at its peak lasted several years. Eventually all bubbles peak. The Tulip bubble appears to have peaked when bulb prices reached astronomical levels. Near the very end of the bubble in January tulip bulb prices increased twenty-fold in that one month.

Eventually prices got so high that some people decided they would sell out of tulips. Then, others followed their lead. Like a snowball rolling down a hill the sell-off gathered momentum as more and more people sold their tulips. This resulted in rapidly decreasing tulip prices.

Government ministers stated that there was no reason for tulip prices to fall. Tulip bulb dealers went out of business. Tulip bulb prices declined and declined until finally the prices stabilized at about the price of a common onion! Although this example of a bubble about years ago dealing with tulip bulbs may seem almost farcical, the pattern of the tulip bubble has been repeated many times in many different situations in the ensuing centuries.

Thus people in Britain had substantial savings and few investment alternatives. In addition there was a corporation, the East India Company, which had the exclusive rights to trade in the Indian subcontinent and China.

Given the huge success of the East India Company, and the wealth accumulated by its less than shareholders, there was considerable appetite for a similar company that people might invest in, and hopefully become rich from.

In the South Sea Company was created and granted by the British government the exclusive right to trade with South America. However, Spain and Portugal controlled virtually all the colonies in South America. Thus, the value of the ability to trade with the South American colonies by a British company was somewhat dubious. Nevertheless, the South Sea Company issued stock shares which were eagerly snapped up and purchased by a citizenry eager to reap the rewards of a government granted monopoly which they hoped would be similar to that enjoyed by the East India Company.

They outfitted ships for the slave trade to South America, which turned out to not be profitable due to the mortality rate of the slaves on their ships.